![]() ![]() It’s often orders of magnitude easier to score a B than an A. Here’s an alternative to spending your time creating the One Big Perfect Model:Ĭreate multiple small models. ![]() So here’s a different approach… Increasing average yield with Ensembles of “Good Enough” And the whole reason we’re in this mess is because we’re trying to solve a hard problem. It requires you to outsmart the problem you’re dealing with. But simplification is often either too hard or too time intensive. This is equivalent to decreasing the exponent, num_components. “Fine, I’ll limit the length of my pipeline.It only takes a conjunction of 7 components to render your pipeline’s accuracy only 20%! Let’s assume your pipeline has this conjunctive property and each component on the pipeline performs with 80% accuracy. But as the length of your pipeline adds up, you just can’t run away from harsh reality of multiplying probabilities. This is equivalent to improving avg_yield. “Well, I’ll plan on doing my best when implementing each component!”.At 80% average yield, it only takes the conjunction of 7 components to dip below 20% overall performance! The cold hard math of solving for the 80% case at each stage of a long data processing pipeline. LaTeX’s seldom-used \sad_equals operator. The probability that some piece of input is correctly processed is (avg_yield) ^ (num_components): So if you implement your data pipeline just like the diagram above, its performance is going to be heavily impacted by how long it is. ![]() You end up with what you might call conjunction dysfunction: a situation where the performance of your system as a whole depends upon every component getting everything right. In a serial pipeline, outcomes in early steps compound their influence over all steps that come after. It’s a data version of the “pipeline problem” universities face with respect to underrepresented groups in certain fields of education. Conjunction dysfunctionĪt heart, the problem is that yield at each Step N is dependent upon the yield at Step N-1 (and therefore transitively upon all steps before it). Each small assumption made in Component 1 carries forward in its output to Component 2, and then Component 3, forever limiting the upper bound on performance downstream. Your system would end up looking just like the diagram.īut consider how dangerously the assumptions you commit to interact if you do that. If I asked you to build this pipeline, it would seem reasonable to approach your construction literally: building one image processing stage, and one text extraction stage, and one text understanding stage. Each of these components itself further decomposes into hundreds of small engineering decisions. Assumptions you commit to in the early stages of the pipeline stay with you forever… impacting how well you do at the end of the pipeline.Ĭonsider how you might sketch a data pipeline that processes photos of legal documents:Ĭomponent 1 might remove noise and background, Component 2 converts the image into text, and Component 3 tries to understand the text. You should engage RSA Support to go through your configuration with you in a WebEx session.Big picture diagram of a pipeline for document understanding. You can check the cert by connecting to Self Service with your browser and inspecting it there. Getting the load balancer to serve the correct cert fixed the problem. The iPhonesĪccepted it but the Androids (correctly) rejected the connection. There, the problem was that the load balancer was serving up the wrong certificate for the virtual host. I recently had a similar experience at a customer who could use CTKIP/QR with their iOS but not Android phones. Have you tried emailing the CTKIP URL to the user so they can click the link on their phone? Have you tried a different phone? Have you double-checked the Android CTKIP URL to make sure it's the correct format? Android CTKIP URLs begin like this: If you have more than one Web-Tier, check them all. You can double-check in the Operations Console under Deployment Configuration > Webtier Deployments > Manage Existing then select each webtier in turn and click View to see the Web-Tier Service Options. If CTKIP delivery works to your iOS devices, then it's turned on. ![]()
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